Last Blog

I actually really liked this class. I thought it was fun and I liked learning the material. The blogs were the only thing that I did not like only because it would be hard to remember to them for homework, especially when I had nothing else to do for homework and i did not start it in class. Over all I really enjoyed it. I liked the project we did, and I liked that we did not have to do alot of projects. It would be really good if there were more videos and stuff like that because I feel like I am a more visual learner. I did, however, really liked how much depth that would be put into everything, like how it would be explained thoroughly and very detailed.

5/30

Luther's ideas became popular-church accuses him of being heretical
Luther suggest Christians drive the pope from the Church by force
1520- Pope Leo X issues a decree threatening <uther with excommunication unless he takes back his statements
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V is a devout Christian who wants Luther to recant
Luther refuses, so Charles orders Luther put on trial at Diet of Worms
Lack of repentance0 declared an otlaw and  heretic- escapes from worms
to be arrested on sight
crime for anyone in empire to give Luther food and shelter
writings and books are banned- books are to be burned
permitted to kill Luther without being charged of a crime
Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxory hides Luther in his castle
writes New Testament in German
gave himslef a fake name
returns to Wittenburg where many of his ideas are being practiced
some princes are still loyal to pope
Lutheran becomes a religion

5/29

Luther and the Reformation
scoially
politically
economically
Wrong's about the church-
corrupt leadership
priests and monks were poorly educated
some broke their vows
some priests gambled and drank to excess
indulgences-
able to be pardoned if you paid
Johann Teztel- sold indulgences to build St. Peter's Cathedrial
Martin Luther objected
Martin Luther-
born Germany 1483
attended University of Erfurt
enrolls in law school for his father
people are dying of plague
drops out after two weeks due to a close call to death by a lightning strike to become a monk
1504- joins an augustium monastrey
1507- ordained a priest
1508- starts teaching theology at University of Wittenburg, also gets first bachelors degree
1509- gets second bachelors degree
1512- becomes doctor of theology
wrote the 95 theses
they became well known
reform=reformation
1. win salvation by faith in God's gift of forgivness
2. all church teachings should be clearly tought based on the words of the bible
3. all people with faith are equal. people do not need priests to inturpret the bible for them

5/24

1. indulgence- a pardon; released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins
     Reformation- a movement for religious reform
     Lutherans- Luther and his followers had become seperate religious group
     Protestant- applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches
     Peace of Augsburg- each ruler would decide the religion of his state; religious settlement
     annul- set aside
     Anglican- Church of England; Queen Elizabeth was the head of the church\
3. Secular and the individual challenged Church authority. Some rulers began to challenge the Church's political power. Merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome
4. Protestantism- branch of Christianity. Developed out of the Reformation

5/23

The Printing Press (ft. Movable Type)
Chinese invented the printing press centuries before, but Johannes Guntenberg revolutionized it in Germany 1439Medici paid artists
one of the most important and impactful inventions in hisrory

Renaissance=rebirth
Started in Milan and Florence
Artsist were inspired by Greece and Rome
Medici paid artist, writer, and muscisians to create beautiful works of art
were patrons
A super- patron- Isabella d'Este
subjects for artists- religious themes
chiaroscuro- light vs. dark
humanism- an interest in what people have achieved and what they are capable of achieving
secular- form of portraying something you do not really mean
Renaissance man- someone who could master many fields of work- da vinci- painter, scientist, inventor

5/22

Renaissance man= someone who could master many fields of work
Renaissance woman= expected to inspire art but not expected to make it
Sculpture- mad realistic figures
painting
literature

5/17

1. Renaissance- explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought that lasted approximately from 1300-1600- rebirth- revival of art and learning
    humanism- intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
    secular- worldly rather than spiritual and concerned with here and now
   patrons- church leaders during the Renaissance beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts of money for art
    perspective- shows three dimensions on a flat surface- Renaissance painter used this technique
    vernacular- works that reflected their time- native language of Dante- spoke Italian
3.  Renaissance man- a man who strove to master almost every area of study. excelled in many fields, charming, witty, and well educated in the classics, should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry, should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman
     Renaissance woman- should know the classics and be charming, yet not expected to seek fame, expected to inspire art, but rarely create it, upper class women were better educated, little influence in politics,

5/16

I do not know how I did on the test. I could either way. I might have failed or I might have past, but I probably failed. It is alright though. I am usually better about knowing the material, but not this time. I could have done better for sure. I just want this week to be over and I want to go home. I can not wait for the school year to be over with. Thank God there are only twenty one more days of school left.

Test Review

Latins, Etruscan's, and Greeks- people who settled Rome(Latins came first- Palatine Hill)

settled banks of Tiber- settled Mediterranean Sea

Lucius Tarquinias- seventh and final king(Lucretia got raped- Rome took a turn of government)

New Republic

res publica- republic

democracy(tribunes)

aristocracy(Senate)

monarchy(consuls)

not a tyranny

U.S. modeled Rome's Republic

executive- two consuls vs president and vice president- 1 year term vs 4 year term- both have veto power- both commander-in-chief in military- may have dictator vs no dictator

legislative- senate 300 people- aristocrats- members for life senate 100 members two each state six year terms- assemblies- 193 to 375 members for life vs house of Reps- 435 two year terms Cali- 55, MD- 8, some have only 1

judicial- Supreme Court nine members, lifetime terms, appointed by the senate and president

both have a legal code- 

Rome- Twelve Tables

U.S.- The Bill of Rights- first ten amendments of constitution

group of 8 century

horseback Calvary

The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)

Rome vs Carthage

three wars

1st- naval battle- Rome (264-241 BCE)

2nd- 29 year old Hannibal (218-201 BCE) Rome Carthage attacks from North

3rd- (149-146 BCE) Rome destroyed Carthage, people who did not get killed became slaves

latifundia- 

Poet Juvenal- "anxiously hopes for two things:bread and circuses"

Julius Caesar- 100-44 BCE a highly successful general, he conquered the huge rule

made common folks happy

made friends in high places

formed the first triumvirate

Pompey- a general who conquered Syria and Palestine

Crassus- 

Julius

crossing the Rubicon- crossing the point of no return

Caesar seizing power- serves as consul

appoints himseld governor of Gaul

Pompey is jealous, becomes his rival(Caesar's armies clash with Pompey's in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt- won

in 44 BC he is named dictator- first for 6 months than for life

granted citizenship to people in provinces

Expanded the Senate adding his friends

created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects

increased pay for soldiers

started colonies where those without land could own property

Sic Semper Tyrannis- thus always to tyrants

Assassinated

Julius's Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son- Ocravian takes over at age 18 with his own triumvirate

Mark Antony

Lepidus

5/8

1. Greco-Roman Culture- the mix of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture- classical civilization Adapted making a whole new style of art, philosophy, and writing.
     Pompeii- Roman town- nearby Mount Vesuvius erupted covering Pompeii in a thick layer of ash and killing about 2,000 residents. The ash acted to preserve many buildings and works of art
    Virgil- a poet- spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid
     Tacitus- Roman historian- presented facts accurately- concerned about the Romans' lack of morality- in his Annals and Histories, he wrote about the good and bad of imperial Rome
     aqueducts- designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns- when water channel spanned a river or ravine the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches
 
5. The Latin language influenced more than half the world's languages' , languages were created based off of the Latin language and many languages have a basis of Latin.

5/7

Te United States of America is indeed in decline. According to this website, http://www.intellectualtakeout.org/blog/10-reasons-us-declining , there are many reasons why the United States is declining, however I do not agree with some of these. One statement in the website I most definitely agree with is their education stand point, and their health stand point. Education in the United States is a big problem, especially in public schools. Math, English, and Sciences are increasingly declining as years go on. In my opinion, the United States government is trying to brainwash kids to believe only what they want them too. However, sometimes it is the luck of the draw with teachers and where you may live. Health is another major reason the United States is declining. It is a big issue because many people do not choose to eat healthily. Yes I get that fast food places like McDonald's is a quick and easy place to eat at when on the go, but in all seriousness, they are major cause to why early age issues that shouldn't possibly occur until you are in your 70's or even 80's. Instead these issues are occurring in people's 50's and 60's, some even younger. Now fast food restaurants aren't the only issue to being unhealthy, all the processed foods in the grocery stores are another issue.  They tend to be cheaper than the healthier options. They also tend to have more portions and variety too. I do not understand why processed foods are cheaper than stuff like fruit and vegetables. It should be the other way around. the reason that fruits, vegetables, unprocessed meat and more items are ore expensive than processed foods is because farmers are not making enough money to be able to put the price down because people are buying the processed foods. It's a viscous cycle that probably won't end anytime soon.

5/6

1. inflation- a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices
    mercenary- foreign soldiers who fought for money- felt little sense of loyalty to Roman Empire
    Diocletian- a strong-willed army leader, became the emperor
    Constantinople- the city of Constantine, after Constantine's death, the empire would be divided again; the e\East would survive, but the west would fall
    Attila- first powerful chieftain- terrorized both halves of the empire
3. The main internal causes of the empire's decline was inflammation and the separation of the empire.

4. Diocletian succeeded in preserving the empire by ruling with an iron fist and limiting personal freedoms.

5. So many Germanic Tribes started invading the Roman  Empire because the Huns ruler Attila wanted power

5/2

1. Jesus- Jew- born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea. Baptized by a prophet known as John the Baptist- took up the trade of carpentry
   apostle- 12 men that are Jesus's Disciples
   Paul- apostle- at first was an enemy of Christianity- had a vision of Jesus- spent the rest of his life spreading and interpreting Jesus' teachings
   Diaspora- dispersal of Jews
   Constantine- 312 A.D.- Roman Emperor- fought 3 rivals for leadership of Rome
   bishop- also a priest- supervised several local churches
   Peter- traveled from Jerusalem to Rome and became the first bishop there- referred to as the "rock" on which the Christian Church was built
    Pope- head of the Christian Church

3. Jesus emphasized belief in one god and the principle of the Ten Commandments- God's personal relationship to each human being

4. Christians were persecuted by Romans mainly because they did not believe in the Roman gods

5. The Nicene Creed is important because it defined the basic beliefs of the Church

5/1

The PowerPoint and the Rap are just a bit different from the textbook. The rap is a bit more simple than the text book. It is also a bit more understandable, however the textbook gives more information on what we are learning. Some of the information is not included in the PowerPoint which means it is not the most important points we need to know. The textbook gives a good perspective on the life and events that happened in that time period. Most of the information on the PowerPoint and in the rap are what mostly need to know, so when the test comes and when I need to study, I am mostly going to study those two items, as well as my blogs

4/30

1. Civil war- a conflict between two groups within the same country, followed their deaths
    Julius Caesar- military leader; joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general; Caesar was elected consul in 59 B.C. for the next ten years; genius military strategist ; was in the government as consul, governor, and dictator
    triumvirate- a group of three rulers
    Augustus- "exalted one" Octavian- Caesar's grandnephew, became an unchallenged ruler of Rome; became the one and only ruler of Rome
    Pax Romana- "Roman Peace" included more than 3 million square miles and was populated by 60 to 80 million people and about 1 million people lived in the city of Rome itself

3. Some factors that led to the fall of the Roman Republic were Caesar going into office and becoming an outstanding ruler, than eventually his grandnephew became leader for ten years. He drove his allies apart and took over as a single, undefeated ruler

4. Successful governing was because of the efficient government and able rulers, as well as agriculture and trade

5. To distract the masses of Rome the government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests

4/26

Rome conquers Italy- grew slowly but steadily. Legions battled for control on the Italian peninsula
by the fourth century B.C. the Romans dominated central Italy. by 265 B.C. Romans ruled almost all of Italy
Rome's Commercial Network- location gave it easy access to the riches of the lands ringing the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants moved by land and sea. traded Rome wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, raw materials and manufactured goods form other lands. Carthage was one of few enemies in the Romans' way
War with Carthage- in 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage went to war- Punic Wars- between 264 and 146 B.C. Rome and Carthage fought three wars, 1. for control over Sicily and western Mediterranean-lasted 23 years- Carthage lost, 2. began in 218 B.C.- led by 29 year old mastermind, Hannibal-wanted to avenge Carthage's last defeat
Hannibal- assembled an army of 50,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry, an 60 elephants with the intent of capturing Rome
Rome Triumphs- Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage - forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city- 202 B.C. at Zama near Carthage, the Romans finally defeated Hannibal
During the third Punic War- Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C. Rome's Mediterranean empire stretched from Anatolia in the east and Spain in the west

1. republic- a from of government in which power rest in the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders- only given to free- born male citizens
    patrician- wealthy landowners  who held most of the power; inherited their power and social status;claimed ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome
    plebeian- the common farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up the majority of the population 
     tribune- protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials
     consul- command the army and directed the government; term was 1 year; could over rule, or veto the other's decisions
      senate- aristocratic branch of Rome's government. had both legislative and administrative functions- 300 members
      dictator- leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army; term was 6 months
       legions- 5,000 armed foot soldiers(infantry) divided into small groups of 80 (century) cavalry were groups of soldiers on horseback
       Punic Wars- a series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. B.C. Rome and Carthage fought three wars, 1. for control over Sicily and western Mediterranean-lasted 23 years- Carthage lost, 2. began in 218 B.C.- led by 29 year old mastermind, Hannibal-wanted to avenge Carthage's last defeat. 3. Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C. Rome's Mediterranean empire stretched from Anatolia in the east and Spain in the west

      Hannibal-  assembled an army of 50,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry, an 60 elephants with the intent of capturing Rome 

3. Limits on the Roman Consul were: only a one year term and could not be elected again for another ten years. there were two consuls

4. The significance of the twelve tablets was that it was an important victory for the plebeians was to force the creation of a written law code, which helped the plebeians from being taken advantage of by the patricians

5. Hannibal's attack on Roe was daring and different because he led his men on a long trek from Spain across France and through the Alps

4/25

• 509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic 
• 264 B.C. the first Punic war begins
• 218 B.C. In the second Punic war, Hannibal invades Italy
• 31 B.C. Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra 
• 284 A.D. Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome
• 476 A.D. Western Roman Empire falls
•  Rome grew from a small settlement to a mighty civilization that eventually conquered the Mediterranean world
• Rome is one of the most famous and influential empires in history
• According to Legend the city of Rome of founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin Princess
• Rome was built on seven rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber River near the center of the Italian Peninsula. midway between the Alps and Italy's southern tip
• near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea
• The First Romans- The earliest settlers on the Italian peninsula arrived in prehistoric times

From 1000 to 500 B.C. three groups inhabited the region and eventually battled for control

They were the Latins, the Greeks, ant the Etruscans

The Latins built the original settlement at Rome

A cluster of wooden huts on top of Palatine Hills were considered the first settlers of Rome

750 to 600 B.C. the Greeks established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily, they became prosperous and commercially active

• The Early Republic-

A republic is a form of government in which power rests within citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders 

600 B.C. an Etruscan became king of Rome- the last king of Rome was Tarquin the Proud

Patrician- wealthy landowners who held most of the power; inherited power and social status

Plebeians- the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population; citizens of Rome with the right to vote

tribunes- representatives formed by the plebeians; protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials

Patricians often interpreted the law to fit their own wants and needs since the law wasn't written down

451 B.C. a group of ten officials started writing down Rome's laws

laws were carved on twelve tablets; established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law

consuls- commanded the army and directed the government

senate- aristocratic branch of Rome's government;  had both legislative and administrative functions 

dictator- leader with absolute power to make laws and command the army 

legions- Roman soldiers were organized into military units

4/24

Well, you got the Etruscans and the Greeks

But the Latins came first

To the shores of the River Tiber

They drained a swamp

Next thing you know

Livin’ in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Now Tarquin’s kinda proud

But he got a little loud

They turned around and ran that tyrant outta town

Next thing you know

No kings no more

Happened in Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

 

Hey, we got three governments rolled into one

Patricians and plebeians havin’ some fun

Two consuls gotta be better than one

Brand new republic ready to run

Democracy

Aristocracy

Plus monarchy

Not a tyranny

Ho-o-o-old up, wait a minute, do I see what I think I… hey!

That’s a Roman legion clear as day

5000 soldiers (not in it for pay)

Group of eighty’s a century

On horseback is the cavalry

Shield, sword, dagger, and armor and tunic

Fightin ’gainst Carthage in wars that are Punic

Hannibal riding on elephant back

Crossing the Alps just to launch his attack

So now you get the picture

All the rich are getting richer

And they’re livin’ on the latifundia

Farmers can’t cope

They’re low on hope

They moved to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

I can hear the brothers Gracchus

Sayin, “Rich, please don’t attack us!”

“We got a feeling that the senators will whack us”

They hit the floor

Next thing you know

It’s civil war, war, war, war, war, war, war, war

Hey, let me take you back to 60 BC

It’s the start of the rise of Julius C

He grabbed two dudes and he formed a team

It’s a triumvirate -- that’s a group of three

“Crassus (come on), Pompey (come on), I’m JC! (come on)

We three will rule!

What you think I'm playin, baby girl?  I'm the man!

I'm conquering Gaul!”

All of his soldiers gave him their devotion

That’s why he swept over Gaul just like an ocean

Pompey couldn’t understand all the commotion

When he crossed the Rubicon, he kept up motion

It’s just like a potion

Caesar had self-locomotion

Power’s an ambitious emotion

Dictator is not a demotion

It’s a promotion

But in 44 BC

On a day called March 15 (Ides of March)

Brutus and the Senate murdered Julius C

He hit the floor

Next thing you know

Caesar’s no more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more

You know he’s so depressed

23 stab wounds in his chest

He saw his friend and he raised one last protest

“Et tu, Brute?” (Et tu, Brute?)

That’s what he say

Cuz he felt low, low, low, low, low, low, low, low

 

Only eighteen, Octavian makin’ the scene

He says, “I tell you what,

Got a new triumvirate

Here’s my boy Lepidus

And Mark Antony I trust”

(‘Til Marky met this chick

Cleopatra from Egypt)

Octavian was freakin’

Lust for power started peakin’

“Don’t try to play me or my navy,

At Actium you won’t slay me”

“O” won that game

Did explain

Now Augustus was his name

All his subjects did proclaim

He’s in the Roman Hall of Fame

Twenty-seven BC

For a couple hundred years (207)

Pax Romana is the word that brings the cheers

They’re on a roll

They built some roads

Leading to Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

Slaves don’t have many rights and

Then there’s gladiator fightin’ (Ow!)

People find the Circus Maximus excitin’

Blood on the floor (knee-deep in gore)

And now you know

All about Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome, Rome

(C'mon!)