by the fourth century B.C. the Romans dominated central Italy. by 265 B.C. Romans ruled almost all of Italy
Rome's Commercial Network- location gave it easy access to the riches of the lands ringing the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants moved by land and sea. traded Rome wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, raw materials and manufactured goods form other lands. Carthage was one of few enemies in the Romans' way
War with Carthage- in 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage went to war- Punic Wars- between 264 and 146 B.C. Rome and Carthage fought three wars, 1. for control over Sicily and western Mediterranean-lasted 23 years- Carthage lost, 2. began in 218 B.C.- led by 29 year old mastermind, Hannibal-wanted to avenge Carthage's last defeat
Hannibal- assembled an army of 50,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry, an 60 elephants with the intent of capturing Rome
Rome Triumphs- Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage - forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city- 202 B.C. at Zama near Carthage, the Romans finally defeated Hannibal
During the third Punic War- Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C. Rome's Mediterranean empire stretched from Anatolia in the east and Spain in the west
1. republic- a from of government in which power rest in the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders- only given to free- born male citizens
patrician- wealthy landowners who held most of the power; inherited their power and social status;claimed ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome
plebeian- the common farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up the majority of the population
tribune- protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials
consul- command the army and directed the government; term was 1 year; could over rule, or veto the other's decisions
senate- aristocratic branch of Rome's government. had both legislative and administrative functions- 300 members
dictator- leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army; term was 6 months
legions- 5,000 armed foot soldiers(infantry) divided into small groups of 80 (century) cavalry were groups of soldiers on horseback
Punic Wars- a series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. B.C. Rome and Carthage fought three wars, 1. for control over Sicily and western Mediterranean-lasted 23 years- Carthage lost, 2. began in 218 B.C.- led by 29 year old mastermind, Hannibal-wanted to avenge Carthage's last defeat. 3. Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C. Rome's Mediterranean empire stretched from Anatolia in the east and Spain in the west
Hannibal- assembled an army of 50,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry, an 60 elephants with the intent of capturing Rome
3. Limits on the Roman Consul were: only a one year term and could not be elected again for another ten years. there were two consuls
4. The significance of the twelve tablets was that it was an important victory for the plebeians was to force the creation of a written law code, which helped the plebeians from being taken advantage of by the patricians
5. Hannibal's attack on Roe was daring and different because he led his men on a long trek from Spain across France and through the Alps
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