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• Direct Democracy- a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives 
• Classical art- Greek values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion
• tragedy- a serious drama about common themes such as love, war, or betrayal- character usually had a fatal flaw called hubris  -Sophocles wrote tragedies- Oedipus Rex
• comedy- contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor- Aristophenes- Lysistrata
• Peloponnesian War- between the two city-states Athens and Sparta. Athens had a stronger navy, and Sparta had a stronger army. Its location inland meant that it could not easily be attacked by sea 
• philosopher- determined thinkers seeking truth no matter where the search led them
• Socrates- a critic of Sophists- did not believe that absolute standards exist for truth and justice, he encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character
• Plato- a student of Socrates- late 20's- wrote down the conversations of Socrates 
•  Aristotle- questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought and knowledge
• Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries.
• Athens' strategy was to avoid land battle with the Spartans and wait for an opportunity to strike from the sea. The Spartans' strategy was to march into Athenian territory and destroy their food supply
• Some people thought it was disturbing because he forced them to think about their values in life.