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Shiite Islam is divided into three principal schools of thought, based in part on disputes over leadership after the Prophet Muhammad. In Europe, Muslims account for 5 percent of the population. France has the largest Muslim population, about 4 million, Germany has about 3 million Muslims. Estimates of the number of Muslims in North America vary widely, from 1 million to 5 million, but in any event, one umber has increased dramatically from only a few hundred thousand in 1990. One- third of U.S. Muslims trace their ancestry to Pakistan and other South Asian countries and one- fourth to Arab countries of Southwest Asia and North Africa. Buddhists are clustered primarily in East Asia and South-east Asia. An accurate count of Buddhists is especially difficult because only a few people participate in Buddhist institutions. Someone can be both a Buddhist and a believer in other Eastern religions, where as Christianity and Islam both require exclusive adherence. 97 percent of Hindus are concentrated in just one country (India). Hindus comprise more than 80 percent of the population of India. Roughly two-fifths of the world's 14 million Jews live in the United States and another two-fifths in Israel. Judaism is the first recorded religion to espouse monotheism, belief that there id only one God. Fundamental to Judaism is belief in one all-powerful God. Judaism offered a sharp contrast to the polytheism practiced by neighboring people, who worshipped a collection of Gods.