- What rivers helped sustain the four river valley civilizations?
-Euphrates
- Tigris
- Nile
- Indus
- Yellow
- Yangtze
- The Hammurabi's Code holds people responsible for their actions
City-States in Mesopotamia
- Fertile Crescent- curved shape and rich land
- Mesopotamia- land between rivers
- rivers farming Mesopotamia- Tigris and Euphrates. They flow southeast to the Persian Gulf
- The rivers flooded Mesopotamia at least once a year
- After the flood the mud called silt was used for farming
- they planted grain and results would be of large quantities of wheat and barley at harvest time which allowed villages to grow
- challenges
- unpredictable flooding- land became like a desert
- no natural barriers for protection- Sumerian- nearly defenseless
- natural resources of Sumer were limited- building materials and other necessary items were scarce
- Solving problem through organization
- providing water- dig irrigation ditches that carried river water to their fields and allowed them to produce a surplus of crops
- defense- built city walls with mud bricks
- trade- grain, cloth, and crafted tools for stone, wood, and metal
- They need leaders, organization, and cooperation... projects need someone to plan and watch over the building process, someone to settle disputes over land and water distribution. These leaders eventually became the first organized government
- Sumerians Create City-States
- Sumerians- one of the first groups of people to form a civilization
- By 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had built a number of cities, each surrounded by fields of barley
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